Atmospheric water content, by latitude, from 1940 to 2024, shown from the North Pole to the South Pole:
Changes to snowfall patterns since the 1970s
Changes to how much precipitation during the winter months falling as snow versus plain old rain. This first image shows the difference in global yearly July 1 to June 30 total snowfall (1973-74 to 2022-23):
This second image shows the changes in precipitation in the US, November to March precipitation, falling as snow (1973-74 to 2022-23):
Source: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
Changes in ocean heat content, with depth, from 1960 to 2018
Changes in the ocean heat content, or heat budget, from 1960 to 2018, at various depths in the ocean. From Science Advances journal. Keep in mind that about 90% of all CO2 warming is absorbed by ocean water, rather than atmospheric gases, so changes should be more evident in ocean water:
Svalbard 40m permafrost temperatures, 1998-2018
Svalbard 40m permafrost temperatures, 1998-2018. Note the consistency:
Changes in permafrost temperatures in multiple locations
Changes in 20m depth permafrost temperatures from multiple locations in the Arctic over a 40+ year period, showing permafrost thaw:
Source: NOAA
Cherry blossom times, Kyoto, Japan, 800 A.D. to present day
Cherry blossom times each year, Kyoto, Japan, 800 A.D. to present day. From Osaka Prefecture University:
Permafrost warming on Svalbard, Norway
A record from 3 boreholes on Svalbard, Norway, showing permafrost temperatures versus depth from 1999-2016. From the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. Sorry for the poor quality image....
Antarctic Ice Volume since 1994
From Scripps Institution of Oceanography, detailed analysis showing ice gain and ice loss in Antarctica since 1994 using measurements from scientists who have conducted field work in the area for the past few decades:
Ocean Acidity and pH levels
Ocean acidity and pH levels from 1983 to 2015 from stations around the world. As acidity increases, pH decreases (Chem 101):
Arctic Sea Ice Extent 2002-2016
Arctic sea ice extent from 2002 to 2016. This is the overall area covered by ice annually. From JAXA:
Global Average Temperatures 1880-2015
Global average temperatures, departure from average. 1880-2015. Source: NOAA.
Sea Ice Extent since 1978
Thinning Antarctic ice sheets have contributed considerable fresh water to the ocean surrounding the continent, especially as basal fresh water releases. This cold fresh water has counterbalanced otherwise warming waters and caused Antarctic sea ice extent to increase since 1979. Note that this is sea ice extent, not volume, and not land glaciers. Data from NSIDC:
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